CLUES 50* SPANISH - 50 STEPS

SINOPSIS

This book has not been written to compete either with school-textbooks, neither with SPANISH GRAMMAR books of 500 or 800 pages, aimed at University students and teachers.

This is a work directed to students and/or teachers of Primary and Secondary schools who wish to have compiled in 1 volume the numerous RULES and EXCEPTIONS - concerning Morphology and Syntax - which are "scattered" along the more than eighty lessons that may include studies of Primary and Secondary courses.

Due to the book format and number of pages this GRAMMAR provides EASY handling.

The structure and summary tables will be EASY to understand and memorize.

Because of its 40 pages about "Special Difficulties", and its 33 models of IRREGULAR verbs, you had wished to have been able to consult it long ago.

Its "INDEX" General “50 CLUES” and Alphabetical will make searching EASY.

The INDEX entitled “50 STEPS” is for structuring the teaching in 50 progressive steps from minor to greater difficulty.

The information given in the ANNEX about SPAIN will be also very useful for you all.

PROHIBIDA reprodución SIN permiso autor@

This book is not to be reproduced "in whole or in part" – neither is allowed the transmission, sale or storage by any form or means - either written text, images, illustrations, drawings, signs, graphs, maps, cover designs and graphic design, photography , layout and/or summary tables) - whether for processing, either electrical, mechanical, manual, chemical, optical, recording or photocopying, recording or by any other method, without the prior written permission of the owner of the intellectual property. The violation of these rights may constitute an offense against “Intellectual Property” (Article 270 of the Criminal Code).

Intellectual Property Registration * J.E.O. 00/2009/4005 * MADRID (Spain)

jueves, 30 de agosto de 2012

Special DIFFICULTIES

- for ENGLISH speaking people -

Every and each of the Languages have inherent difficulties related to “how to be written” – “how to be pronounced” – “how to place each word in the sentences”.

Beside this, the extra difficulties that may have a Greek, a Russian, a Swedish, a Chinese… will depend on the inherent DIFFERENCES – in sounds and syntax – between their mother tongue and the SPANISH LANGUAGE.

This 50^th Chapter has been prepared taking into account the view point of ENGLISH speaking people.

I ) In some expressions, English Grammar use a DIFFERENT verb that the one used in Spanish Grammar. (Tener – page 50) (Hacer – page 58) (Haber – page 36)

ESPAÑOL	INGLÉS
TENER - Mi hermana TIENE 28 años.	To BE – My sister IS 28 years old.
“ - Yo TENGO hambre.	To BE - I AM hungry.
“ - Ellas TIENEN frío.	To BE - They ARE cold.
LLEGAR - Nosotros LLEGAMOS tarde.	To BE - We WERE late.
HACER - HACE frío.	To BE - It IS cold.
HABER (impersonal) - HAY niebla.	To BE - It IS foggy.

II ) Other common case is that the English language use “two words” to express actions for which - in Spanish – we only have “a single word”.

a) A clasic case is the Spanish verb “HACER” (page 58) for which - in English – use two different words, e.g..:- to DO & to MAKE.

HACER – Ella ha HECHO sus deberes	To DO - She has DONE her homework.
“ - Nosotros HACEMOS la compra	“ - - We DO the shopping.
“ - Tú HACES las labores del hogar	“ - - You DO the housework.
“ - ¡YO lo HAGO lo mejor que puedo!	“ - - I DO my best !
“ - ¡ HAZ algo!	“ - - DO something!
“ - ¡ HAZlo bien!	“ - - DO it well !
“ - ¡HAGAMOS deporte!	“ - - Let’s DO sport!
“ - Mi abuela HIZO un pastel	“ - - My grandmother MADE a cake.
“ - Yo he HECHO un error.	“ - - I have MADE a mistake.
“ - Te voy a HACER una oferta.	“ - - I am going to MAKE you an offer
“ - Permíteme HACER una sugerencia.	“ - - Let me, to MAKE a suggestion.